When the Civil War started, the US Army had no ambulances, most nurses were men including wounded soldiers, and lifesaving procedures and experimentation would rapidly develop because of the sheer number of wounded and dying men. This presentation by Dr. Dianne Murphy will focus on the medical environment at the beginning of the Civil War and 3 dramatic changes that occur during this period that were to change the care of war wounded. Presented in partnership with Winchester/Frederick County Historical Society.